Attacks from settlers and home demolitions by authorities have spiked dramatically over the past two years. But the death in July of Awdah Hathaleen has drawn particular attention due to his involvement in the 2025 Oscar-winning film No Other Land, which chronicled Palestinian villagers' fight to stay on their land.
The case also stands out because the confrontation between Palestinians and Yinon Levi, an internationally sanctioned settler, was captured on video from multiple vantage points.
In a video that family members say was taken by Hathaleen himself, Levi could be seen firing toward the person holding the camera.
Another showed Levi firing two shots without showing where the bullets struck.
An Israeli judge released Levi from custody six months ago, citing a lack of evidence that he fired the shots that killed Hathaleen.
Israel's State Attorney General's office confirmed in a statement Monday that it had initiated proceedings to indict Levi.
It did not specify the charges.
Eitan Peleg, an attorney for Hathaleen's family, said the office had informed them it planned to indict Levi for reckless homicide, triggering a process that allows Levi to contest charges before they're formally filed.
"Enforcement of the law in cases like this involving Palestinians in the West Bank is very rare, so this is unique," Peleg told The Associated Press on Monday.
Israel's military referred questions on the indictment to the police, who have not yet responded. Both bodies enforce laws in the area.
More than 3.4 million Palestinians and 700,000 Israelis live in the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem, territories captured by Israel in 1967 and sought by Palestinians for a future state.
The international community overwhelmingly considers Israeli settlement construction in these areas to be illegal and an obstacle to peace.
Palestinians and rights groups say authorities routinely fail to prosecute settlers or hold them accountable for violence.
Under National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir, investigations into settler attacks have plummeted, according to the Israeli rights group Yesh Din.
Khalil Hathaleen, Awdah's brother, said the family was glad some measure of justice was being pursued, but felt the charge of "reckless homicide" was insufficient.
"It was an intentional killing in broad daylight, with prior intent and premeditation," he said.
Levi's attorney, Avichai Hajbi, declined Monday to comment on the coming indictment, which he said he hadn't received.
After the shooting, he told The Associated Press that Levi acted in self-defence, without elaborating. Levi did not answer phone calls on Monday.
